泗阳汉墓埋藏环境中细菌的分析与检测

木质物在埋藏环境中不可避免地会受到细菌的侵害，细菌可以对木材的化学成分及超微结构造成很大的影响。本研究采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)改良培养基平板法对泗阳汉墓埋藏环境中的土样及木样中的好氧纤维素分解菌、厌氧纤维素分解菌进行了筛选和纯化；采用CMC培养基平板稀释法对纤维素分解菌数量进行了测定；采用牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基法对优势菌株进行活化，并对其中的16株进行了鉴定。鉴定结果表明泗阳汉墓中的细菌种类主要有奥斯陆莫拉菌、丁香假单胞菌、自养水螺菌、肠杆菌属、魔芋食酸菌、过滤弧菌、假单胞菌等。细胞的形态主要有短杆、球形、杆状等。研究埋藏环境中土样及木样中细菌的种类、数量、分布等可以对木材的劣化机理研究提供科学的分析，为今后的物保护工作提供理论和实践上的指导。

Bacteria analysis and identification in certain burying circumstance of Han Dynasty tombs at Siyang county

The wooden relics are susceptible to bacteria unavoidably under certain burying circumstance,which highly affect the chemical composition and ultrafinestructure of the wood.Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was employed(CMC)to improve the culture medium plate method for purifying and filtration of the aerobic and anaerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria in the earth and wood samples in Han Dynasty tombs at Siyang county under burying circumstance;and employs CMC medium plate dilution method to determine the quantity of cellulose decomposing bacteria;and employs the beef extractpeptone medium method to activate the dominant bacterial strans,16 among which were identified.The results indicate that the type of the bacteria is mainly Moraxella osloensis,Pseudomonas,Aquaspirillum autotrophicum,Enterobacter,Acidovorax konjaci,Comamonas testosterone,Pseudomonas in the Han Dynasty tombs at Siyang county.The shape of the cells is mainly in the form of short rod,sphere,rod etc.The research for the type,quantity and distribution and the like in the earth and wood samples in burying circumstance can reveal the damage mechanism of the wood,and offer a guide to the theory and practice of the culture relics protection in future.