Neolithic subsistence patterns in northern Borneo reconstructed with stable carbon isotopes of enamel |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades (LEcEn), ICIVET LITORAL (UNL-CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, CP 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Rafaela. CC 22, CP 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina;1. Department of Physical Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;2. Department of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;3. Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;4. Department of Cognitive Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;5. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;6. Department of Anthropology and Center for Quantitative Imaging, EMS Energy Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;7. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;8. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;9. Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA;10. School of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;11. University of Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Malaysia;2. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;3. Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University, Malaysia;4. Institute of Asian Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam;1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland;2. Institute of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;3. Museum Inatura, Jahngasse 9, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria;4. Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova Str. 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;5. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland;6. Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Paläobiologie (Biogeologie), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;7. Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The Neolithic period in island Southeast Asia is characterized by various population movements, technological innovations, and the introduction/adoption of agricultural foodstuffs. Human subsistence trends during this period, however, are poorly understood. Broad spectrum foraging is generally assumed for prehistoric groups utilizing rain forest food resources but the degree to which cultigens were part of the dietary repertoire remains unclear. This paper explores human subsistence patterns at three penecontemporaneous Neolithic sites in Sarawak (East Malaysia) using stable isotope ratios of carbon and oxygen derived from tooth enamel apatite. The sites (Niah Cave, Lubang Angin, and Gua Sireh) differ in local ecology and cultural circumstance but all are situated in C3-dominant lowland primary rain forest. Significant differences in δ13C values between sites likely reflect the canopy effect and variations in foraging pattern. Lower values at Lubang Angin suggest dependence upon closed forest foraging. Higher values at Neolithic Niah Cave and Gua Sireh suggest more open forest horticulture and subsistence, including some form of systematic food production, collection, and/or habitat modification. |
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