从上博简《诗论》对于《木瓜》篇的评析看《诗经》编纂问题

《诗·木瓜》篇出自民歌 ,其主旨原为馈赠以结好 ,采编者对于其主旨加以变化 ,成为一篇讽刺和揭露佞人之作。汉儒将其作为“美齐桓公”之作 ,宋儒则以为是“男女相赠答之辞” ,当代专家则多将其视为爱情诗。上博简《诗论》表明 ,它的主旨应当是对于工于心计的谗佞小人的揭露。由此我们可以从一个侧面看出士大夫在采诗、编诗过程中变化民歌主旨的情况。《诗经》中所保存的一些民歌往往就是这种变化后的结果 ,而不是它的原创状态。《木瓜》之篇就是这方面的一个典型。

The Compilation of the Book of Songs Viewed from a Commentary on Bamboo Slips

Mu Gua was a piece of folk song, the original main point of this song was that the man exchanged gifts with each other and express the friendship, but the compiler of The Book of Songs changed the main points when they compiled the book. From the bamboo slips Shi Lun stored in Shang Hai museum, we knew that the compiler changed this song into a satirical poem which expose and satirize the crafty and evil man. Compare the original meaning with the changed one of Mu Gua, we get the knowledge that when the literati collected and complied the poems, they always changed the main points of the folk song, so, the main points of the poems in The Book of Songs were the result of being changed, not the original one.