东汉士人群体自觉意识形成原因考察

中国古代士人的群体自觉意识,萌芽于春秋战国时期,全面兴起于东汉中后期。其兴起之原因,一是土地私有化的完成,地主庄园经济的出现,尤其是东汉士人对劳动态度的改变,使士人生存方式发生重大变化,使其在经济上有了独立性,为其人格独立打下了物质基础;二是东汉统治者对士人尤其是对归隐士人的相对宽容,为士人自觉意识的培养提供了宽松的环境;三是士人队伍的扩大,尤其是中央官学规模的扩大和校舍的扩充,为士人个体自觉意识转化为群体意识提供了中心场所;四是东汉中后期宦官外戚专权,又为士人群体自觉意识的激发和张扬提供了外部条件。

An Inspection Of The Reason Caused self- awareness Of Scholars And Gentry Group to Be Formed in Eastern Han Dynasty

the self-awareness of ancient Chinese scholars and gentry as a group began from Spring-Autumn period and warring states period,and appeared an overall rise in the middle-latter part of the Eastern Han Dynasty.The reasons for the rise : First, the completion of land privatization and the emergence of landlord estate economy,particularly the changes of scholars and gentry's attitude about labour in Eastern Han Dynasty caused the significant changes in their survival mode.By their economic independence,they laid the material foundation for an independent personality;Second,the Eastern Han Dynasty rulers's relative tolerance for scholars and gentry especially for who lived in seclusion provided relaxed environment for their conscious awareness training;Third,the expansion of Chinese scholars and gentry group,particularly the expansion of the scale of central government school premises provide a central forum for individual self-awareness' conversion into group self-awareness;Fourth,the usurpation by eunuch and queen's family in the middle-latter part of the Eastern Han Dynasty provided external conditions for the self-motivation of the self-awareness of scholars and gentry as a group.