晚清时期东南沿海通商口岸对外航线与港势地位的变迁

晚清时期，东南沿海一系列口岸相继开埠通商，其对外航线和港势地位经历了一个渐进的变化过程，形成了中短程航线、跨区航线、远洋航线三种相互联系依存的航线结构。不同层次的口岸因对外航线结构不同而在功能上存在较大差异，进而形成了三个等级的港势地位。港口对外航线和港势地位与沿海物流和港口集散能力有密切关系。

Evolution of the Shipping Lines and the Harbor Potential of the Southeastern Treaty Ports in the Late Qing Period

Since a series of treaty ports in southeastern coastal regions opened up to foreign trade in the late Qing period, its shipping lines and harbor potential changed gradually, and formed 3 kinds of interrelated line patterns, i.e. short & mid distance lines, inter-region lines and long ocean route. Treaty ports of different levels varied greatly in functions due to their outer shipping lines, and caused 3 kinds of harbor potential gap to come into being. Shipping lines and harbor potential of different ports were determined to a large extent by the coastal commodity circulation and the ability of harbor collection and disposal throughout.$$$$