语言相对论与语义研究视角摭议

19世纪以来西方语言学关于语言与思维的关系有普遍主义和相对主义两种解释。本文评述洪堡特的观点、萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说、列文森的综合观，探讨语义研究的视角问题，提出研究视角取决于研究目的的观点。不同研究视角之间是互补关系；语义普遍性和民族性是语义性质的两个方面；旨在为语言教学、翻译、词典编撰等提供可资借鉴的成果则自然会选择民族性为语义研究的对象，从种族视角研究语义会选择对比或比较的研究范式。

Linguistic Relativity and Perspectives in Semantic Studies

Universalism and relativism are two orientations in semantic studies in western linguistics since the 19th century.This dissertation reviews the relativistic views held by William Von Humbolt,Edward Sapir,Benjamin Lee Whorf and Stephen C.Levinson,and some empirical studies triggered by Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and points out that perspective should be geared to the goal.Different perspectives are mutually plementary in studies.Both universality and ethnic specificity exist in natural language semantics.If we ...