元代的吴淞江治理及干流“改道”问题

曾为太湖的主要泄水入海通道的今黄浦江支流吴淞江 ,当有元一代 ,曾经进行过规模相当、持续不断的“治理”。通过对相关资料的重新考察 ,得出以下结论 :一、由于时人的“肆意妄为”,入元以后的十数年间 ,原本“安流”的吴淞江水系遭到了严重的破坏 ,从而开始了难以“恢复”的不可逆转。二、至元末的淀山湖工程、大德末的吴淞江工程以及泰定、至顺、至正中的工程 ,都不是“有效”的水利工程 ,究其原因 ,一是没有从整体的利害关系考虑 ,二是有违当时已经形成的“自然”态势 ,那就是太湖水流宣氵曳日益向南的“必然”演化。三、关于南宋吴淞江的干流 ,并不如许多研究者所言即明代的“虬江”、今天的西虬江。准确的表述应是 :当时的吴淞江河床包含今吴淞江南岸到虬江北岸间的整个区域。“虬江”亦是“旧江”,不过是由于河床垫高、水流分岔后的一股北去水道的遗迹而已

Questions about Water-Control of Wusong River in Yuan Dynasty and Socalled Changes of Its Watercourse

Continual water-control projects had been taken on a large scale during Yuan Dynasty in the district of the Wusong River, the branch of the Huangpu River that is the main watercourse from Tai Lake to the sea. Through some new review to the relative materials, this article will get the conclusions as follows: 1 In the earliest ten more years when South China was ruled by the Mongol emperors, the water system was grievously destroyed and began a serial of destined change for the people's wanton actions. 2 Those projects for rearranging the waterways of Dianshan Lake and Wusong River in later Zhiyuan, in later Dade and also in Taiding, Zhishun and Zhizheng periods could be taken out of question as ineffectual ones. The officials failed because they had not made the plans based on the all and the one and what they had done was against the natural current of that the water in Tai Lake flowed out by the ways southward. From this point, we can see that the event of Huangpu River being main course instead of Wosong River in the middle of Ming actually started in Yuan Dynasty. 3 The main course of Wusong River in South Song was not Old River in Ming, also West Qiu River now, as many researchers believe. The riverbed of Wosong River at that time had covered the whole area from the south bank of Wosong River to the north bank of Qiu River today. The Old River was the remains of the branch northward of the waterway that was formed after the central part of the riverbed had got silted up.