城市空间扩展视野下的近代上海河浜资源利用与环境问题

本文将中国近代城市化的首发之地——上海作为研究对象,以开埠后租界城市空间扩展的微观过程为视角,系统探讨其河浜资源利用与相关环境变迁的内在机制与驱动力,并对深层的制度背景进行分析。本文的研究结论是:从城市建立的初期开始,租界工部局就仅出于实用目的对自然河浜的排水功能加以利用,以私人化的地产分布、地产开发需求以及马路的拓建规划为基本导向,对河浜进行无序填没和管道化改造,而忽略了方格状感潮河网的环境脆弱性以及河浜除排水以外的其他生态功能。这种受城市空间扩展自然驱动的河浜利用方式,导致了严重的河浜形态破碎与功能紊乱,成为近代以来上海地区黑臭河道不断产生的主要原因。其制度根源主要在于:租界直接承袭了19世纪英国城市环境改造理念,并受到自治市制度的局限。

The Creek-utilizing Manner and Concerning Environmental Problems with Shanghai Modernization from an Urban-pace-expanding Angle

I choose Shanghai where Chinese modernization could find its root, as the object, and try to trace the transition of the creek network affected by the extending process of the ueban space during the early period of its modernization. From the angle of urban space expanding, I try to conclude the relationship of the exploitation of creeks as the most important natural resource, the correlative environmental change, and the driving force of the urban space expanding. Finally, I try to analyse the administrative background. At last I hold the following views: The Municipal Coucil managed the utilization of the creeks on a obvious purpose of obtaining a temporary economic values, and based on that, the transformation of the creek functions was greatly affected by the distribution and developing needs of the land owners as well as the road building program. Under such circumstances, numbers of creeks were filled in and built into roads without enough rationality, and so the envioronmental nature and other social fuctions than drainage were taken less considerration. This is just the major cause of the stagnant and filthy creeks coming forth continuously during the recent era. The administrative cause underlay in two facts. First, the Council had managed the Shanghai drainage system imatating the municipal ideas from England;Second, the Council affected too much by the system of the English autonomous city.