部落联盟模式与希腊罗马早期社会权力结构

近年来，谢维扬教授的国家起源理论在史学界产生了广泛影响。它的基本框架是，在人类社会早期国家的产生道路上，有部落联盟和酋邦两种模式。由前一模式产生出来的国家，政治制度具有民主的性质，如雅典和罗马。由后一模式产生出来的国家，政治制度则是专制性质的，如中国、阿兹特克、印加和祖鲁。

Pattern of Confederacy of Tribes and Early Greco Roman Societies

Professor Xie Weiyang is well known for his theory on the origins of the state.He argues that there are two ways to the state,one of which is through the chiefdom,and another,as known in the early histories of Greece and Rome,through the confederacy of tribes,typically existed in the Iroquoian society.Xie Weiyang names the latter as the pattern of the confederacy of tribes.The main characteristics of that pattern are the egalitarian structures of a society before state.He deduces his theory from the studies of the works of Lewis H.Morgan and Friedrich Engels.I have a different conclusion,however,after studying the same works,that the early Greco Roman societies on the eve of the origins of the state can not be equated with the Iroquoian society.According to Morgan and Engels,the formers are hierarchically arranged around the hereditary priest chiefs and the aristocratic gentes,while the component parts of the latter,which still has a far way to the state,are similar segments and equal in power to each other.Xie Weiyang is therefore wrong when he maintains, based on the studies of Morgan and Engels,that there is a way in history to the state from an egalitarian society through the confederacy of tribes.