空鼓病害壁画灌浆加固技术研究

壁画空鼓病害是最为严重的壁画病害类型之一,如何科学解决壁画空鼓病害是目前迫切需要解决的主要问题,对保护人类优秀文化遗产具有重要意义。本工作在室内模拟实验和现场试验研究的基础上,结合对西藏布达拉宫等处古建筑空鼓病害壁画的修复加固治理,系统总结了空鼓病害壁画灌浆加固的基本原则、材料与修复工艺,重点讨论了灌浆孔与锚固孔位置选择的标准、注浆管的埋设,水灰比与灌浆量的控制,壁画支顶防护的作用,灌浆结合锚固补强的技术要求,补色的标准与原则,灌浆效果的评价及灌浆设备的研制与开发等关键的技术问题。结果表明,壁画灌浆结合锚固补强技术是解决空鼓病害壁画的主要措施之一。

Consolidating of detached murals through grouting techniques

Detachment is one of the most serious deteriorations in murals.It is an urgent issue to address as it is significant to the conservation of our precious culture objects.Based on the basis of simulated laboratory experiments and insitu tests in the case of conserving detached murals in Tibet,this paper systematically summarizes the principles,materials and techniques for conservation through grouting.The criteria for choosing the position where grouting and anchoring holes should be set,the setting of pipes,the control of waterash ratio and grouting amount,the function of physical support for the mural when grouting,the technical requirements for consolidation by grouting and accessorial anchoring,the standard and principle for painting restoration,the assessment of the grouting effect,the development of grouting equipment and other crucial technical issues are discussed emphatically.It concludes that grouting with accessorial anchoring is one of the main treatment for detached murals.