西汉初期北部诸郡边界略考

西汉初期,北部诸郡多为强大的匈奴帝国侵占,不能恢复秦郡之旧观。汉高帝时云中、定襄、代郡、雁门四郡只得秦郡之半。在汉惠帝至高后二年之前这段时间,云中、定襄二郡的北界推进至阴山南麓的赵武灵王长城下。代、雁门二郡经数十年的扰攘,终于在汉景帝时期将北界稳定在善无、武州、平城、参合、高柳一线。西北之上郡、陇西、北地三郡边界则退缩至秦昭王长城。上谷、渔阳、右北平、辽西、辽东五郡则以秦始皇长城为界。

On the Boundaries of Commanderies on the Northern Frontier in the Early Years of the Former Han Dynasty

Most of the commanderies on the northern frontier of China were partially occupied by powerful Hsiung-nu Empire in the early years of the Former Han Dynasty,hence smaller than they were in the Ch'in Dynasty.Only half of the territory of Yün-chung,Ting-hsiang,Tai and Yen-men commanderies was controlled by the Former Han Dynasty in the reign of the first emperor,Han Kao-ti.During the period of 194-186 B.C.,the northern boundaries of Yün-chung and Ting-hsiang commanderies were pushed back to The Great Wall built by the King of Chao Wu-ling to the south of Yin mountains.In the reign of Han Ching-ti,the northern boundaries of Tai and Yen-men commanderies were finally established along Shan-wu,Wu-chou,Tz'an-ho and Kao-liu after years of turbulence.The boundaries of Shang,Lung-hsi and Pei-ti commanderies in north-west retreated to The Great Wall built by the King of Ch'in Chao.In north-east,Shang-ku,Yü-yang,Yü-pei-p'ing,Liao-hsi and Liao-tung commanderis were bordered by The Great Wall built by Ch'in Shih-huang-ti.