丝织品老化程度检测方法探讨

古代丝织品老化程度的检测有助于了解丝织品的有保存状况及保护方法的选择与改进，为研究适用于检测古代丝织品老化程度的方法，在对丝织品的物理，化学老化特征及性能研究的基础上，对可能用作检测丝织品老化程度的方法进行了系统的对比分析。用抗拉强度分析，色差分析，粘度测定，氨基酸分析，红外光谱分析，热分析，扫描电镜观察，X射线射分析等对经光老化，热老化和水解老化等人工老化的白色丝织品进行分析，结果表明，粘度分析是一种较为灵敏，且经济实用的检测方法，氮基酸分析是一种有效的确定丝织品保存状的手段，显微红外和热分析所用的样品量很少，如果能找出较为灵敏的定量指标，会有实用价值，扫描电镜观察，X－射线衍射分析对老化程度的检测有一定的难度，色差分析难以定量表征丝织品的强度变化。

Research on the evaluation of the deterioration degree of silk fabrics

The detection of deterioration degree of ancient silk fabrics will be helpful to the selection and development of con-servation methods. The aim of this paper is to select the effective methods suitable for measuring the deterioration extent of ancient silk fabrics, and it is hoped that the detection methods will need small amount of samples, be sensitive, and be nondestructive as far as possible. Based on the physical and chemical properties, the detection methods of the deterioration degree of silk fabrics were researched. The silk samples were artificially aged by simulating three main natura! aging fac-tors: light, heat and hydrolysis. With these samples, the analytical techniques that are potential useful for the guantitative assessment of silk damage were studied systematically, such as tensile strength, color difference, amino analysis, infra - red spectrometry, thermal analysis, viscometry, X ray diffraction, scan electron microscope ete. The results of research show that viscometry is a more sensitive, economic and simple method for the detection of ancient silk fabrics. in addition, amino acids analysis is also effective for the analysis of silk fabrics. The infra - red spectrometry and thermal analysis need small amount of sample, so they will be useful if more sensitive indicator were determined. There is limitation in using the X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope for detection, and more research work need to be done.