深圳市就业空间结构及其演变(2001-2004)

本文基于2001年基本单位普查和2004年经济普查数据,探讨深圳市就业空间结构的特征及演化趋势。研究表明,深圳市的就业空间结构存在就业密度下降、集聚程度不强、制造业占绝对地位、服务业郊区化等现象,而规划和市场是推动其演变的主要力量,在二者的共同作用下,深圳市就业空间结构将呈现以下的演变趋势:(1)从"带状组团式"向"网状组团式"转变;(2)制造业转型导致就业规模缩减;(3)服务业郊区化促进中心外围组团发展;(4)高端服务业集聚进一步增强。

SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT AND ITS EVOLUTION IN SHENZHEN CITY.2001-2004

In the 21st century, Chinese economy has entered into a crucial transition period with the reconstruction of the cities' morphology and internal spatial structure. This paper aims to explore the urban spatial structure of employment and its evolution under this background in Shenzhen city which has been a manufacturing base of China since 1980 when the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was set up. There are more than 60% of employees engaged in manufacturing industries which are distributed in the sub-urban or rural towns. The employee amount outside the SEZ is one and a half of that of inside the SEZ, which makes the city center not as influential as that in other cities. In this study, the authors use the data from economic census of Shenzhen in 2001 and 2004. Methods of frequency analysis, spatial density analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to analyze the employment spatial structure and its evolution. The results indicate that the total employment density of Shenzhen had a trend of descending and its spatial distribution was more dispersive in 2004 than in 2001, especially in the areas outside the SEZ. The manufacturing dominated areas suffered from the lack of employment more badly, while the western central area began to play an important role in the city's employment market. Traditional service sectors, such as trade, catering and social services, gave ways to the industries of scientific research, education, media and government organizations. The comprehensive effect from land development, infrastructure construction, industrial layout guide, as well as the mode of economic growth, land marketing and industrial cycle determined the trends of employment spatial structure in Shenzhen as follows: the overall spatial structure of employment is in the period of transition from the "ribbon groups" to the "net groups", but the development of these groups as well as the three axis are unbalanced. The spatial distribution of manufacturing employment is the most important factor affecting the city's employment spatial structure, while the suburbanization of the service sectors promot the development of the area outside the urban center. The spatial aggregations of advanced service sectors take shape in the urban center.