The influence of geomagnetic activity on the upper mesosphere/ lower thermosphere in the auroral zone. I. Vertical winds |
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| Institution: | 1. Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania 7150, Australia;2. Mawson Institute for Antarctic Research, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India;2. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki 517112, India;1. National Institute for Space Research (INPE), 12227-010, S. J. Dos Campos, SP, Brazil;2. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather (CBJLSW), Beijing, China;3. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP), Jacareí, SP, Brazil;4. Salesian University Center of São Paulo (UNISAL), 12600-100, Lorena, SP, Brazil;5. Southern Space Coordination (COESU/INPE/MCTI), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia;2. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia;3. Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia;4. Malaysian Space Agency (MYSA), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia;5. Space and Earth’s Electromagnetism, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Malaysia;6. International Center for Space Weather Science and Education (ICSWSE), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | A scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometer (FPS), located at Mawson station, Antarctica (672S, 63°E, invariant latitude 70°S) was used to obtain vertical wind, temperature, and emission intensity measurements from the λ558 nm emission of atomic oxygen. The measured temperature is used to assign an approximate emission height to the observations. A spaced-antenna partial-reflection radar was run concurrently with the FPS from which the presence of enhanced ionization in the D-region could be inferred from the return heights and strengths of the echoes. Large upwards winds of approximately 30 m s−1, at altitudes less than 110 km, appear to be a direct response of the neutral atmosphere to intense auroral events. It is suggested that the observed upwelling is a result of particle heating at heights below the principal emission height. At higher altitudes, vertical winds of a similar magnitude are also measured during geomagnetically disturbed conditions, although here they do not appear to be associated with particular auroral events. In this case it is suggested that upwelling is produced by a combination of Joule and particle heating. |
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