公共服务设施可达性、个人社会资本与居民心理健康——基于北京的实证研究

利用2018年来自北京的问卷调查数据,本文探讨了公共服务设施可达性、个人社会资本及其交互作用对居民心理健康的影响。研究发现：公共服务设施可达性对心理健康具有显著的正向影响,且对新市民的影响更突出。个人社会资本中密切交往的网络规模、从社会网络中获取经济支持两个维度对其心理健康有显著正向作用,但在新市民和本地市民群体间不存在显著差异。个人社会资本能够强化公共服务设施可达性对心理健康的正向影响。本文验证了社会生态学的健康促进模型的相关假设,即外部环境特征和个人社会资本相互嵌套共同影响个人健康水平。鉴于此,健康城市规划需兼顾“硬件”与“软件”层面,既要构建公平正义的空间环境,还需加强社会资本和社会组织培育。

SPATIAL ACCESSIBILITY,SOCIAL CAPITAL AND MENTAL WELLBEING OF URBAN RESIDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING

Based on the survey data of Beijing in 2018, this study explores the effects of spatial accessibility to public services, social capital and their interaction effects on residents' mental well-being, as well as the differences of the impacts between new citizens and local citizens. The multi-level regression models and spatial analysis methods are employed to analyze both the direct and moderator effects of these factors on mental well-being of residents. We found that the degree of spatial accessibility to public services is negatively associated with the mental well-being of residents, which is more prominent in the group of new citizens. The tightness of social networks and the ability of getting financial support from social networks have significant positive effects on mental well-being. The differences of the effects, however, do not exist between new citizens and local citizens. The scale and tightness of social networks exacerbate the effect of spatial accessibility to public services on mental health. These results echo the propositions of the social ecological models of health promotion, which emphasize that the interrelationships among environmental settings (e.g. the spatial accessibility to public services) and personal attributes (e.g. social capital) can influence a variety of health outcomes, including the mental well-being.