西方高技能移民区域影响的研究进展及启示

随着全球化发展，移民研究在西方成为经济学、地理学和社会学重点关注的主题。国际高技能移民的区域影响是移民研究的重要组成部分。本文利用文献计量方法，从现象发展、理论机制、实证梳理和研究热点等角度系统梳理西方相关研究，得到如下发现：(1)高技能移民的国际迁移模式随时间变得更多元化与复杂化，引发研究关注点从“人才流失”转变为“人才增益”。(2)在高技能移民区域影响背后，移民人力资本、区域关联和知识组合等机制在发挥潜在作用。(3)国际高技能移民会对目的国与来源国产生不同影响，其相关研究包括移民创业、移民同化、区域劳动力市场和区域宏观发展等热点。并在评述西方国际高技能移民区域影响研究进展的基础上，指出现有研究的不足，结合中国现状探讨国内研究的拓展方向。

PROGRESS ON THE REGIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL HIGH-SKILLED MIGRATION

In the era of the knowledge economy, the talent competition among countries has been gradually upgraded. Since the 21st century, the total amount of international immigration has rapidly grown and the number of immigration-related research also has increased. However, there is still no systematic review on the regional consequences of international high-skilled migration in Western research. In order to fully understand the potential mechanisms and multi-dimensional influences of the high-skilled immigration, this paper has adopted the method of literature review and bibliometrics to complete the systematical review of related research. This paper receives the following main points: 1) With the development of globalization, the simple one-way flow pattern of international high-skilled migrants from developing countries to developed regions has changed. There has been an increasing return flow from the developed countries to emerging industrialized countries, such as China and India. The reverse-flow makes the perspective of existing research on the regional effect of high-skilled immigrants has changed from "brain drain" to "brain gain". 2) There are three potential mechanisms of different immigration impacts, which respectively regard immigration as the human capital, the regional linkages and the combination of different types of knowledge. 3) High-skilled immigration plays an important role in national competitiveness. On the receiving and sending countries' side, highskilled immigrations have different influences by combining their potential multiple mechanisms. 4) CiteSpace is used to facilitate the analysis of the research hotspots in existing research. In the end, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of Western researches and discusses future development trend of domestic researches in the related issues.