遗产化与旅游化对地方文化记忆系统的影响——以元阳哈尼梯田为例

文化记忆具有复杂系统性，从单一要素理解可能导致对遗产保护与旅游发展关系的误解，不利于地方文化记忆与文化认同的传承。本文采用质性方法分析元阳哈尼梯田遗产化与旅游化对文化记忆的影响。研究发现：一方面，权威话语主导的遗产化通过遗产归属族群、核心区与核心要素选取与认定等途径将文化记忆的主体、媒介、空间等系统要素建构为哈尼化的核心—边缘结构，导致遗产地文化记忆系统内不同主体、空间与媒介的发展失调。另一方面，市场话语主导的旅游化通过多主体参与、核心景点与周边村落协同发展及多元媒介要素展演的路径解构文化记忆系统的主体、媒介、空间等要素，在一定程度上消解了权威遗产化带来文化记忆系统要素的核心—边缘化消极影响。

THE IMPACTS OF HERITAGIZATION AND TOURISMIFICATION ON THE CULTURAL MEMORY SYSTEM OF PLACE:A CASE STUDY OF YUANYANG HANI TERRACES HERITAGE SITE

Cultural memory refers to an abstract cultural system as the main body of memory in a specific era and society. However, few studies put the theory of cultural memory into the context of the intersection of heritagization and tourismification to discuss the relationship among them, and lack of a systematic analytical perspective in tourism geography field. To this end, this paper chooses Yuanyang Hani Rice Terraces heritage site as a case study to explore the influence and acting pathway of heritagization and tourismification on cultural memory system by qualitative methods, including field research, in-depth interview and text analysis. It is found that heritagization and tourismification are the interactive process of constructing and deconstructing local cultural memory system. On the one hand, the authoritative discourse oriented heritagization has a selective core-marginalization effect on the subject, mediums and spaces of local cultural memory system through the pathways of constructing heritage belonging ethnic groups, core areas and core elements, which leads to the dissonance of development among different subjects, mediums and spaces in heritage sites. On the other hand, the market discourse oriented tourismification deconstructs the subjects, mediums, spaces and other elements of local cultural memory system through the ways of multi-subject participation, coordinated development of core scenic sites and surrounding villages, and performance of multi-mediums, thus to some extent eliminating the negative impact of the core-marginalization brought by heritagization.