乡村振兴视角下传统村落活态性特征及作用机制研究

基于传统村落活态性内涵，从村落人口、物质遗产以及非物质遗产3个方面构建传统村落活态性评价指标体系。通过访谈问卷、实地踏勘、文献查阅等方法获取数据，根据发展路径的差异划分传统村落类型，对分属旅游发展型、传统技艺型、综合开发型和生活服务型的湖南省永州市4个传统村落活态性进行测度。结果表明：①失活现象在各类型传统村落中较为普遍；②不同类型传统村落人口活态情况差异明显，其中旅游发展型村落人口活态性最好，生活服务型村落人口活态性最差；③不同类型传统村落物质遗产失活程度相对较轻；④不同类型传统村落非物质遗产失活程度整体较高。

A STUDY ON THE LIVING STATE AND MECHANISM OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RURAL REVITALIZATION

Based on the connotation of living state this article aims to build an index system of the living state of traditional villages according to population system, material heritage system and intangible heritage system. Traditional villages have gradually formed differentiated leading industries under different development paths. On this basis, traditional villages are divided into four types:Tourism development type, traditional skill type, comprehensive development type and life service type. Data were obtained through interview questionnaire, field survey, literature review and other methods to measure the living state of four traditional villages in Yongzhou city, Hunan Province which belong to the above four types. The results show that:1) From the Activity index level, the phenomenon of inactivation is common in various traditional villages, but there are differences in the degree of inactivation. Among them, the degree of inactivation from tourism development type is relatively light. 2) The living state of population in different types of villages is obviously different. Tourism development type, has the best living state in terms of population and the population hollowing out problem is most serious in life service village. 3) Compared with the population situation of traditional villages and the living state of intangible heritage, the degree of inactivation of intangible heritage of different types of traditional villages is generally lighter. 4) The inactivation of intangible heritage in different types of traditional villages is significant, while the villages from comprehensive development type and life service type are at a serious inactivation level.