中国西南贫困地区乡村韧性研究——以重庆市为例

文章聚焦于我国西南贫困地区乡村韧性，以重庆市 120 个抽样村为研究对象，采用熵值法，从经济韧性、社会韧性、工程韧性多维度视角评价重庆市乡村韧性水平。研究发现：①重庆市抽样村庄的乡村韧性平均值为0.46（满分为1），处于中等偏下水平。②重庆市北部地区的乡村韧性水平较高，交通不便、少数民族聚居的东南部地区乡村韧性水平相对较低。③经济韧性水平偏低限制了抽样村的韧性水平，体现在生产资本投入不足、人力资本水平偏低、土地资源禀赋不优。④相较于乡村状态韧性，抽样乡村的响应韧性水平较低，主要原因在于乡村经济子系统与基础设施（减灾防灾）子系统的响应韧性值较低。文章基于研究结果提出了旨在提升我国西南地区乡村韧性的建议。

RURAL RESILIENCE IN IMPOVERISHED AREAS OF SOUTHWEST CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF CHONGQING

Resilience is the fundamental attribute of the rural system and arises as rural system interacts with shocks and disturbances. In the face of uncertainty and unexpected risks, rural resilience plays an important role in resisting shocks, minimizing the impact, recovering to pre-shock regime while maintaining the stability of rural system. The paper takes Chongqing city as the study area and investigates rural resilience of 120 selected villages of Chongqing. The paper uses the entropy method and collects data from field survey to evaluate rural resilience in terms of economic resilience, social resilience and engineering resilience. The research results show that: 1）Rural resilience of Chongqing is 0.46 which is below the medium level. 2）Villages of higher resilience are mainly located in the north part of Chongqing, however villages of lower resilience are in the southeast parts which are mountainous terrain, ethnic minority settlements and less developed transportation system. 3）Economic resilience is the main restrictive factor to rural resilience of the selected villages in Chongqing because of the insufficient input of production capital, low human capital and low quality of land resources. 4）Comparing to rural state resilience, the response resilience is lower, which is attributed to the low response resilience of rural economic and engineering subsystems. Policy implications are proposed in the end of the paper. What's more, it is also advised to analyze the resilient threshold of rural system in responding to external shocks.