公共交通可达性分析方法进展

公共交通可达性拥有空间属性、时间属性、社会属性和经济属性，它是一种衡量区位价值的综合性指标，不仅可以反映城市空间特征，同时对城市中生活的人的社会经济属性和生活习惯，具有一定的解释力。为了不断适应新形势下的交通发展要求，减少环境负担，早日实现低碳绿色发展，创新公交都市规划与分析方法迫在眉睫。本文对基于个人的、基于效用的、基于基础设施的和基于位置的可达性研究进行了回顾，并归纳了七种公共交通可达性的分析方法，分别为：基于缓冲区的公共交通站点可达性、基于供需模型的公共交通面状可达性、基于网络分析法的公共交通网络可达性、基于成本栅格法的公共交通可达性、基于成本栅格与网络分析的集成法的公共交通可达性、基于高性能图形数据库的公共交通高精度可达性、基于开放地图 API 的公共交通高精度可达性。 以期为我国未来公共交通可达性的分析方法提供指引和借鉴。

PROGRESS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS METHODS

Public transportation accessibility possesses temporal, spatial, social, and economic attributes. Meanwhile, it can be used as a comprehensive indicator to evaluate location value and has specific explanatory power, which can reflect not only the spatial characteristics of cities but also the travel and other living habits of residents in cities. In order to continuously adapt to the new situation of transportation development requirements, reduce the environmental burden and achieve low-carbon green development at an early date, it is urgent to innovate the planning and analysis methods of public transport cities. This paper reviews individual-based, utility-based, infrastructure-based, and location-based accessibility studies and summarizes seven research methods of public transportation accessibility to provide guidance and reference for future research methods of public transport accessibility in China. 1) based on buffer site accessibility of public transport, 2) model based on supply and demand of public transport accessibility, 3) based on the analysis of public transport network accessibility, 4) based on grid method of accessibility of public transportation cost, 5) is based on the analysis of the cost of grid and network integration means of public transport accessibility, 6) based on the public transportation of high-performance graphics database and high precision, 7) High precision accessibility of public transportation based on open map API. The accessibility of public transport is widely used in transportation planning and urban planning. The research on the accessibility of public transportation provides theoretical basis and scientific support for urban macro transportation strategy zoning, optimizing the spatial layout of social service facilities, and suggesting the development mode of transportation and land use.