宋代的石藏葬制

宋代石藏葬制的发端一般被认为是治平四年(1067)英宗永厚陵,仔细查考文献可知,此时实以石椁作为变通形式。真正在皇堂内设置地下石藏,始自元丰三年(1080)慈圣光献皇后陵。而在此之前,熙宁八年(1075)韩琦墓已首次特诏构筑石藏。此后,又有少数与皇帝关系特别密切的王爵及对朝政起重要作用的宰臣得以使用。通过排比北宋后期帝陵、后陵、特制亲王宰臣墓、亲王墓资料,发现在墓室尺寸、石藏尺寸、石门有无等方面都构成了比较明显的等级差别。在考虑宋代墓葬等级问题时,除了地上设施诸因素需要纳入考察视野外,对于特制墓例地下形制的独特之处也要给予充分的注意。

The Song Dynasty Stone Crypt Burial System

The stone crypt burial system seems to have begun in the Song Dynasty with the Yonghou Mausoleum of Emperor Yingzong built in 1067,and extant documents reveal that the stone outer coffin was the common form used at that time.The use of a stone crypt under the imperial hall at the mausoleum site began in 1080 at the mausoleum of the Cisheng-guangxian Empress.Prior to that in 1075 a stone crypt was ordered for the tomb of Han Qi,and subsequently the burial form was used for the burial of a minority of politic...