莱夷玉文化板块探析——胶县三里河大汶口文化玉器解读

胶县三里河大汶口文化玉器有璇玑形玉环(玉圆孔边刃三牙器)、玉镞(包括方、圆两种锥形器和四式玉镞)、钏、耳坠、管、环以及鞍形饰、马蹄形饰共35件。玉圆孔边刃三牙器应为女巫事神的玉神器,玉镞中的12件用作尸主口中之唅(琀),体现了鬼神食玉的原始巫教理念。由于三里河大汶口文化遗址和墓葬的地理位置靠山面海,不可避免带有海洋性文化的特点,玉圆孔边刃三牙器就是海洋性玉文化的的象征和例证。距今4500年前后,女巫以玉圆孔边刃三牙器事神,标志着其原始宗教仍处于女巫事神的早期阶段,远远落后于东北夷、东夷两大玉文化男巫为教主的阶段。大汶口文化始于公元前4300年,到公元前2500年前后发展为山东龙山文化。该文化处于北夷、南越两大玉文化板块之间,昊夷玉文化板块之东,故厘定为莱夷玉文化板块。三里河大汶口文化玉器中的玉圆孔边刃器的出现,是莱夷玉文化板块即胶东半岛玉文化板块的标志和结晶,而胶县三里河一带也就是两个玉文化板块的碰撞带和撞击点。

A Constituent Section of the Tectonic Plate of the Lai-Yi Jade Culture:An Interpretative Reading of the Dawenkou Culture Jades Found in Sanlihe,Jiaoxian County

Thirty-five Dawenkou culture jades were discovered at the Sanlihe site in Jiaoxian County,Shandong Province,including a xuanji-shaped jade huan(a jade with a round bore, and three serrations at the edge),jade arrows(quadrilateral and rounded awl-like objects and four jade arrows),clasps,ear ornaments,tubes,huan,and saddle-shaped and horse hoof-shaped decorative pieces.The xuanji-shaped jade huan would have been a deity served by female shamans,while twelve of the jade arrows were probably plugs to be placed...