基于生态位理论的城市竞争策略研究

将城市视为具有生态智慧的特殊生命体,认为城市之间存在着与生物界相似的"生态关系"。首先,在对物种生态位和城市生态位的概念进行解析的基础上提出城市竞争生态位的概念并阐述其内涵。进而,论述城市竞争生态位的多维性以及城市竞争生态位重叠和分离现象的发生机理。最后,将城市竞争生态位理论应用到城市竞争策略的研究中去,从生态智慧的角度对城市竞争策略进行重新解读,指出现代城市应当通过错位竞争策略、选择性变异策略和互惠共生策略来实现城市间的共存共荣。

STUDY ON URBAN COMPETITION STRATEGY BASED ON THE THEORY OF NICHE

The former study on the city competition is often in a market economy respect,and in order to win the city competitions,some principles and methods of cooperation management are applied in the city operations.Today's city is an organism and its inner order is coherent to that of life-forms.Therefore,if using the theories and methods of bionomics to explain the competitions among cities,and survey the processions of city developments in every stages and external environment changes in an eco-intelligent respect as well as the mutual relations between cities and its inhabit external environment system,then it'll lead us to find more suitable and useful competition ideas and strategies.The niche separating strategy is that according to the combination of its own resources and its external environments,in the work dividing of countries or regions,the city can make niche differences with its competitors and carry out the relevant city functions to develop its economy.In the furious competition,the eco-intelligent city should try to improve its ability of learning,organizing and creating,and catch the potential competition niche hiding in the changing external environment,basing on these factors,in order to improve its ability of process and adapt to the potential competition niche the city should take the altering "change"(revolution or innovation) of city system,culture,industry structure and environment for investments,and finally transfer these into real competition niche and access the market as soon as possible,which is the niche-altering strategy.Niche-enlarging strategy of the city is refer to that more than two cities form the system of "ordered structure,implemented function,optimized integration and shared co-exist" through work dividing or resources sharing to improve the whole city group ability to absorb,control,transfer and use of knowledge,technology,human resources and such key resource,to extend the competition niche of the city group,and basing on the healthy development of one independent city to realize the evolution of the city group.