道光十一年冬季严寒对京杭大运河运作状态的影响

利用清代地方志、档案等文献资料,复原了道光十一年(1831-1832年)冬的严寒实况,在此基础上分析了严寒对京杭大运河各段运作状态的影响。研究表明,道光十一年冬的严寒涉及我国整个东部地区,是此前百年中最冷的一年。在漕政日益败坏的道光年间,正常情况下的漕河整治与管理已属不易,极端气候更增加了其困难。因地理位置、面临任务以及对气候变化敏感度的不同,此次严寒对各河段的影响也就各有差异。山东运河远离黄河,水浅冰厚,主要表现为河道疏浚的困难;苏北运河地处黄运交汇,凌汛多发,主要表现为堤防修守的艰辛;江南徒阳运河虽出现了漕船通行的延迟,但相对涝灾而言,寒冷气候的影响是其次的原因。

The Influence of Severe Cold on the Operation of the Grand Canal in the Winter of the Eleventh-year of Emperor Daoguang

Using local chronicles and archives in Qing Dynasty, this article restores the scene of severe cold in the winter of the eleventh-year of Emperor Daoguang, and analyzes the influence of severe cold on the operation of each canal reach. The study shows that the severe cold in the winter of the eleventh-year of Emperor Daoguang involved the whole east region of our country, and it is the coldest year in the former one hundred years. During the emperor Daoguang period, the water transport was corrupt, so under the normal condition the water transport management was not easy. But the extreme climate aggravated the regulation and management of the canal. For geographical position of each section is different, the task is different and the sensitivity to climate change is also different, the influence of the severe cold on each river section is different. It’s difficult for Shandong canal to dredge the river. It’s hard for Northern Jiangsu canal to repair the dike, and Tuyang Canal in the south of The Yangtze River has the phenomenon of ship traffic delays.