从泰山到东海抑或是从东海到地下——关于北宋中期以前买地券中一类常见用语的讨论

在讨论中国东南地域之江西地区(兼及湖北部分地区)墓葬出土的北宋中期以前买地券中"东海"、"水中鱼"、"高山鹿"等常见用语的含义以及唐宋时期"张坚固"、"李定度"身份之变化的基础上,可以初步得出这样的推论:如果说从前秦到唐初的数百年里在新疆吐鲁番地区还有可能存在着"东海"信仰的话,那么在两宋时期的江西、湖北地区,昔日有关"东海"的观念和记忆正在逐渐消退,到了南宋,已基本消失于人们的脑海中,连同隐没的还有这一观念可能代表的某种有关死后世界的信仰,与它们一起湮灭的还有水中鱼、高山鹿和天上鹤这些居住于东海边的神灵;张坚固、李定度的新身份或许意味着一种新的冥世信仰。

From Mount Tai to the East China Sea or from the East China Sea to the Underground:A Discussion of the Common-Use Terms on the Land Certificates Prior to the Middle of the Northern Song Time

Discussions on the meanings of those common-use terms such as donghai(East China Sea),shuizhongyu(fish in the water),and gaoshanlu(deer in the mountain) regularly seen on the land certificates before the middle of the Northern Song and the changes to identify the landlords in the Tang and Song dynasties may reason out the following conclusions: While the belief of the East China Sea might exist around Xinjiang area during the years between the former Qin and the Early Tang,the relevant ideas and memories were fading away at Jiangxi and Hubei from the Song and had almost disappeared when it came to the Southern Song;The beliefs of after-death world,which might be connected to the belief of East China Sea,as well as the sacred creatures living by the eastern coast including the fishes,deer and cranes also faded away;the new ways to call the landlords,which used to be specific names such as Zhang Jiangu and Li Dingduo,might refer to a new belief in otherworld.