Vertical neutral wind in the equatorial F-region deduced from electric field and ion density measurements |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.;2. Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, U.S.A.;1. Université de Nantes, LPGNantes, UMR 6112, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France;2. Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC University Paris 06, University Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France;3. Smart Structures Solutions S.r.l., Rome, Italy;4. Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States;5. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Università La Sapienza, 00184 Rome, Italy;6. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States;7. LPC2E-CNRS & LESIA-Obs., Paris, France;8. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States;9. Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States;10. Istituto di Scienze dell‘Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy;11. Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna, Italy;12. Proxemy Research, Rectortown, VA, United States;13. CNRS, LPGNantes, UMR 6112, 2 rue de la Houssinière, F-44322 Nantes, France;14. Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany;15. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy;1. Université de Franche-Comté, Institut UTINAM, CNRS/INSU, UMR 6213, Observatoire des Sciences de l?Univers de Besançon, France;2. Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK;3. LPC2E, CNRS-Université d?Orléans, 3a Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France;4. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Univ. Paris-Diderot, 5, place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon Cedex, France;5. Space Science & Planetology, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;6. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;7. Department of Geophysics, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;8. Planetary and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;9. Institute for Physics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany;10. CRPG-CNRS, Nancy-Université, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, 54501 Vandoeuvre-ls-Nancy, France;11. Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;12. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1023, USA;13. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA;14. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;15. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 690, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;p. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA;q. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), CNRS/Université Toulouse III (UMR 5277), 9, avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France;r. University of Athens, Department of Physics, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece;s. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria;t. Stockholm University Astrobiology Centre, Department of Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University/Stockholms universitet, Roslagstullbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden/Sverige;u. Observatoire de la Côte d?Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, BP 4229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France;v. Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow ID 83843;w. Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, ETS Ingeniería, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;x. Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencias Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA(CSIC), 48013 Bilbao, Spain;y. Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;z. School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;12. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France;13. Solar System Science & Exploration, Monrovia, USA;14. Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France;1. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d''Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA;3. Solar System Science & Exploration, Monrovia, USA;4. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA;5. Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France;6. The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, CA, USA;7. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Univ. Paris-Diderot, France;8. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;9. LPC2E, CNRS-Université d''Orléans, 3a Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France;10. Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK;11. Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, ETS Ingeniería, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;12. Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencias Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA (CSIC), 48013 Bilbao, Spain;13. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;14. Università degli Studi di Padova, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy;15. Aerospace Engineering, Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands;p. Space Science & Planetology, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;q. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA;r. Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Space Sciences Building Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;s. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria;t. Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;u. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;v. Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany;w. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n, Granada 18008, Spain;x. Observatoire de la Côte d''Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, BP 4229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France;y. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA;z. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany;11. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;12. University of California/Santa Cruz, CA, USA;13. CRPG-CNRS, Nancy-Université, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, 54501 Vandoeuvre-ls-Nancy, France;1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;3. Research Center for Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;4. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;1. INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, Via Osservatorio, 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Turin, Italy;2. INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5, 50125 Florence, Italy;3. University of Florence, Department of Astronomy, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Florence, Italy;4. INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy;5. INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, Via S.Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;6. Centre Spatial de Liege, Av. du Pre Aily, 4031 Liege, Belgium;7. ON Semiconductor Building 6800, Avenue 6000 Cork Airport Business Park, Cork T12 CDF7, Ireland;8. European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands;9. Ac-Consulting, Via Trieste, 16/B, 10098 Rivoli, Turin, Italy;10. ALTEC S.p.A., Corso Marche, 79, 10146 Torino TO, Italy;1. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, SE 98128, Sweden;2. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;3. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, USA;4. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, USA;5. Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany;6. IRAP- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, France;7. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;8. German Aerospace Center, Berlin, Germany;9. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, USA;10. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, London, UK;11. Imperial College London, London, UK;12. Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden;13. Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland |
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| Abstract: | DC electric field and ion density measurements near density depletion regions (that is, equatorial plasma bubbles) are used to estimate the vertical neutral wind speed. The measured zonal electric field in a series of density depletions crossed by the San Marco D satellite at 01.47-01.52 UT on 25 October 1988, can be explained if a downward neutral wind of 15–30 m s?1 exists. Simultaneously, the F-region plasma was moving downward at a speed of 30–50 m s?1 These events appear in the local time sector of 23.002̄23.15 in which strong downward neutral winds may occur. Indeed, airglow measurements suggest that downward neutral velocities of 25–50 m s?1 are possible at times near midnight in the equatorial F-region. |
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