土库曼尼萨城的色彩：雕塑的彩饰和古代土库曼斯坦的建筑

帕提亚帝国（公元前二世纪）最有意义的遗址之一当属现今位于土库曼斯坦南部的旧尼萨城。从二十世纪到今天，土库曼斯坦，俄罗斯和意大利的探险队已经带回来了一些纪念性的东西和一些我们所熟知的这段重要历史和文化时期里的工艺品。尤其是意大利都灵的考古探险队从上世纪90年代就已经活跃在这个地区，与当地的博物馆合作挖掘了许多有纪念价值的藏品并对这个藏品进行了一些研究。对挖掘出的藏品的彩饰的初步研究已经进行了很久。因为很明显在很多情况下这些藏品是无法移动的，采样也很困难，所以我们决定直接在现场（Ashgabat国家博物馆）测量鉴定。我们用了许多实验性的技术，无破坏性、无伤害性的测量以及传统的方法（包括分层部分碎片的研究和衍射分析）。这个研究是关于从所谓的RoundHall和RedBuilding（1990—2006）出土的粘土塑像、陶瓦建筑元素、壁画以及石膏等。尽管意大利专家所收集到的数据还没有完全处理，但已经可以帮助我们更好的了解这些出土品的生产过程，让我们对古尼萨的工艺品制造者的“调色板”有了一个更清楚的认识。这篇文章的目的是展示这些初步的研究成果，并同时提出对古尼萨主要内部建筑重建的假设。

The Colour in Parthian Nisa: Some Consideration on Polychrome in Sculpture and Architecture in Ancient Turkmenistan

One of the most meaningful sites of the Parthian Empire is Old Nisa-Mithridatkert in southern Turkmenistan today. From the XX century until now, Turkmen, Russian and Italian expeditions have brought to the light monumental structures and artifacts of great significance for the knowledge of this crucial historical and cultural period. In particular, the Italian Archaeological Expedition of the Centro Seavi di Torino is active in Old Nisa from the'90s, carrying out excavations in the monumental complex and studies/analyses on materials ( from old and new excavations ) in collaboration with the local museums. A preliminary study on the polychrome has been carried out concerning some materials from excavations. Since in many cases it was obviously impossible to move the items or to get some samples, we decided to take measurements and make identifications directly on the site ( National Museum of Ashgabat) . Various technologies have been applied, some of which experimental, ranging from measurements taken with nondestructive or non-invasive techniques to traditional methods ( only where available) which involve the study of the fragments by stratigraphic section or diffractometric analysis. This study involved clay statues, terracotta architectural elements, wall-paintings and plaster from the excavations in the so-called Round Hall and Red Building (1990-2006) . The data collected by the Italian specialists, even if still in a preliminary form, help us to better understand the technique of production and finishing and give us an idea of the "palette" of the parthian craftsmen in Old Nisa. The paper aims at illustrate these preliminary results, proposing also reconstructive hypotheses of the internal of the main buildings of the Arsacid citadel Mithridatkert.