"把医疗卫生工作的重点放到农村去"——毛泽东"六·二六"指示的历史考察

1965年,我国广大农村还没有彻底改变缺医少药的落后面貌,围绕着优先发展重工业的经济建设目标,卫生部长期将人力、物力和财力集中在城市,为此,毛泽东发出了“把医疗卫生工作的重点放到农村去”的指示。这不仅是毛泽东始终坚持的群众观点和对官僚主义作风深恶痛绝的反映,更是出于他对当时战备形势的考虑。“六·二六”指示的贯彻执行有力地推动了农村巡回医疗的深入开展和合作医疗的推广与普及,极大地改善了农村的医疗卫生状况。今天重提这一指示,对于审视当下的医疗卫生改革,加快农村医疗保障制度的建设,具有重要的现实意义。

"Shift the Priority of Medical and Health Work to the Rural Areas": A Historical Investigation of Mao Zedong's Instruction on 26 June 1965

The situation of shortage of doctors and medicine had not radically changed in the extensive countryside in China by the year of 1965. Geared to the needs of giving priority to the development of heavy industries in the economic construction, the Ministry of Public Health had concentrated its human, material and financial resources in the cities over a long period of time. It is a-gainst this background that Mao Zedong issued the instruction: "shift the priority of medical and health work to the rural areas." It was a reflection of Mao Zedong's persistent mass viewpoint and his intense hatred for bureaucratic style of work and originated, to a greater degree, in his considerations of the situation of war preparations. The implementation of this instruction vigorously promoted the in-depth development of rural mobile medical work and the spread and popularization of cooperative medical service and greatly improved the medical and health conditions in the countryside. A review of this instruction is of great practical significance for examining the present medical and health reform and accelerating the development of rural medical security system.