20世纪50年代初期长江中下游地区乡村劳动力市场探微

从土改结束到集体化高潮前,从土地均分造成的土地和劳动力等生产要素的非均衡配置、农业生产的季节性特征以及国家政策的影响等这些劳动力市场的供给、需求因素来看,当时的确存在着一个广大的乡村劳动力市场——雇佣市场。与土改前不同的是,尽管这一时期雇工农户的数量较多、比重较大,但单位农户的雇工数量却很少。在雇佣形式上,长工数量、佣期急剧下降和短工数量显著增加是这段时期的一大特点。从阶层构成来看,雇佣关系主要发生在普通劳动者之间,并且雇工工资的涨落主要取决于各地乡村的劳动力实际供给和需求状况。

A Detailed Inquiry into the Rural Labor Market in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in the Early 1950s

As seen from the supply and demand factors such as the unbalanced allotment of pro- duction factors like land and labor as a result of equal division of land,the seasonal feature of agricul- tural production and the impact of state policies in the period from the completion of land reform to the eve of the upsurge of collectivization,there indeed existed a very big rural labor market,that is, the hired labor market,during that period of tithe.The difference from pre-land reform was that al- though a great number and a big proportion of rural households hired laborers,the number of hired hands per household was very small.In the form of hiring,one of the characteristics during this pe- riod was that the number of long-term hired hands and the hiring periods were radically reduced while the number of short-term hired hands greatly increased.In terms of social strata,the employ- er and employee relationship occurred chiefly among the common laborers themselves and the wages went upward or downward mainly dependent on the actual supply and demand of labor in various ru- ral areas.