中国古代漆器的锥画艺术和鎗艺术

考古发现的汉代漆器"锥画",是用作画工具"锥"来命名的艺术形式,称为"针刻"欠妥。锥画发明于战国时期,但尚未见到实物。汉代漆器锥画高度繁荣,大量汉代锥画漆器陆续出土。三国至唐时期,锥画鎗金艺术得到了继承和发展;及至宋元,漆器锥画鎗金以全新的面貌出现;发展到明清,锥画鎗金多与其他漆器艺术形式相结合,呈现出千文万华的漆艺局面。

The Arts of Gouging Images and Incising Gold in Ancient Chinese Lacquer-work

Han Dynasty lacquer-ware unearthed by archaeologists features 'gouged' illustrations created using a chisel,and so the term 'carving' is inadequate to describe this handicraft.Lacquer 'gouging' was invented in the Warring States period but no actual examples from that time have been found.Han Dynasty lacquer-ware was a flourishing art and many 'gouged' Han Dynasty lacquer-ware objects have been found over time.This handicraft technique went through a low phase from the Three Kingdoms period to the Han Dynasty,but the art of incised and inlaid gilding continued and developed.In the Song and Yuan dynasties gouging and gilding took on a completely new appearance.In the Ming and Qing dynasties gouged illustrations were increasingly inlaid with gilding to match the shapes of objects and a wide array of lacquer-ware types appeared.