中国的近代化与国情

中国近代化面临的特殊国情主要有二：一是近代化因素的积累严重不足；二是封建专制政治制度对近代资本主义因素的顽固排拒。任何致力于近代化事业的有识之士都必须正确认识这种特殊国情，对清政府和专制政治心存幻想注定不切实际，对近代化因素的积累水平估计过高也注定要走弯路。但在自鸦片战争至五四运动前的近百年时间里，有识之士们在对国情的认识上恰恰存在以上两种误区。正是这种认识上的误区，导致了有识之士们在近代化道路的选择和近代化具体操作过程中的种种错误决策，并因而延缓了中国近代化的进程。

China's Modernization and Its National Conditions

There were two special national conditions China's modernization must face:the first was the grave deficiency in the accumulation of modernization factors,the other consisted in the stubborn resistance of the feudal autocratic political system to modern capitalist factors.All those who were dedicated to the modernization of China must understand these special national conditions correctly and know clearly that any illusions cherished for the Qing government and autocratic system were doomed to be impractical,and that any over estimate of the accumulation of modernization factors was also wrong.But,during the nearly one hundred year period from the Opium War to the May 4 th movement,all the people with the breadth of vision happened to have committed such two mistakes that led the people of insight to work out wrong policies concerning the choice of modernization path and the manipulation of modernization process and for such reasons postponed the course of China's modernization.$$$$