19世纪英国城市现代化初探

城市现代化是城市化发展的高级阶段。19世纪的英国不仅是世界上第一个城市化国家,而且率先在城市现代化方面做出新的探索。首先在城市物质环境方面进行了巨大的改革,从城市街道的规划改造,到居民住宅的建筑规范,从居民私人空间的营造,到城市公共空间的建设,使城市的物质环境有了极大的改善。其次,在城市的管理方面也进行了全面探索,使城市管理摆脱了中世纪的寡头统治,进入到民主监督与管理的时代。由此,使城市的发展在经历了第一个阶段的数量扩张后,进入到了质量的增长时期,即向城市现代化方向迈进。

On Urban Modernization of the Nineteenth Century Britain

Urban modernization is the high stage of the urbanization. The 19th century Britain was not only the first urbanized country in the world, but also the first to explore the urban modernization. There has been great changes in material environment of the towns and cities, from public street planning and improvement to private building regulation, from private space construction to public one's. The management of towns and cities has also been explored. Finally, democratic supervision and administration has been achieved replacing the oligarchy of the middle ages. Therefore, British towns and cites developed from quantity expansion to quality growth.