20世纪前半期的中国社会变迁(1900～1949)

以帕森斯的社会平衡理论来解释中国的社会变迁,工业化就成为近代中国社会变迁的原动力。工业化的社会需要新知识分子和科技人才,这两类人跃升为工业社会精英份子的一部分,这是社会的第一种变迁。随着工业化而来的是工商阶层的兴起,工商业者及银行家成为工业社会的精英份子,这是社会的第二种变迁。当工商阶层兴起以后,人口集中城市是社会的第三种变迁。当工业化与都市化进行时,家庭制度也发生改变,由大家庭变成小家庭,且孝道也呈式微之势,这是社会的第四种变迁。

Social Transformation of China in the First Half of 20th Century

Using the theory of social balance to explain the social transformation of China, industrialization becomes the dynamic for the transformation. Industrialization needs new intellectuals and people of science and technology, and these people became part of the elite society. This is the first transformation. With industrialization came the classes of industry and commerce, these classes and bankers become part of the elite society. This is the second transformation. With the rise of industry and commerce, population was centered in cities, which forms the third transformation. When industrialization and urbanization were underway, family system also began to change, from the big family to the small family, and the virtue of filial piety declined. This is the fourth transformation.