一省之议会:咨议局性质发微

岑春煊1907年建议各省设立的咨议局,以及其后江苏绅士与安徽官绅所设计的咨议局,虽然在本质上都不是完全的议会机构,但设计者都将其定位为"全省"的机关,而非"地方"的机关。法部在批评岑氏的时候,更是提出,必须先建立地方议会,才能建立省议会,地方议会是咨议局的基础。1908年出台的通行全国的《咨议局章程》,将咨议局定位为"一省之议会"。在上奏《咨议局章程》的奏折中,在与于式枚辩难的过程中,宪政编查馆都强调,由于中国的行省不同于各国的"地方",咨议局不同于各国的地方议会,而是中国特有的省议会。清季对议会系统的规划,是国会、省议会与地方议会,而非国会与地方议会。今人多将咨议局称为地方议会,实错解了当时制度设计者的良苦用心。

Parliament of Province:the Essential of Zi-yiju of Late Qing Dynasty

Whether the design of Cen Chun-xuan or the gentle of Jiangsu and Anhui,Zi-yiju was a “provincial”or-gan,rather than local organ.When Department of Law criticized Cen’s design,it put forward,must establish the “local”parliament before Zi-yiju.In the regulations of Zi -yiju which was drafted in 1908,Zi -yiju was a “parliament of prov-ince”.In the opinion of designers,“province”of China was different from the“local”of other countries,Zi-yiju was differ-ent from the “local council”of other countries,too.The planning about parliamentary system in Late Qing,was Congress, provincial parliament and local councils,rather than Congress and local councils.