巴基斯坦国家构建进程的多维阐释

现代巴基斯坦的历史线索纷繁复杂,以国家构建的视角对其进行考察是一种可尝试的研究路径。认识巴基斯坦的国家构建进程,需要从三组结构性矛盾切入:一是国家认同与非国家认同的矛盾,二是军人干政倾向与民主诉求的矛盾,三是世俗主义与宗教化的矛盾。三组矛盾可追溯到巴基斯坦国家建立时期乃至更久远的历史,并嵌入巴基斯坦的社会环境和地缘环境之中。每一组矛盾都会对另外两组矛盾造成影响,影响方式可分为"逻辑关联型"和"现实策略型"两类。三组矛盾可分别归纳为国家认同、政体、国体三个维度,它们共同构成巴基斯坦国家构建的立体图景。巴基斯坦的国家构建本质上是一个价值性问题,三组矛盾都是围绕着"把巴基斯坦建成一个什么样的国家"这一命题展开。

Multi-Dimensional Explanation of Pakistan's State-Building Process

The historical clues of modern Pakistan are numerous and complex,and the theme of state-building is a feasible research path.To understand Pakistan's state-building process,we need to start with three sets of structural contradictions:one is the contradiction between national identity and non-national identity;the other is the contradiction between the tendency of military intervention and the demand for democracy;the third is the contradiction between secularism and religionization.The three sets of contradictions,which date back to the founding of the state and beyond,are embedded in Pakistan's social and geographical environment and are unlikely to change significantly in the foreseeable future.Each set of contradictions has an impact on the other two,and the impact can be divided into“logical correlation”and“practical strategy”.The three contradictions can be summarized into three dimensions of national identity,regime and state nature,which together constitute a three-dimensional picture of Pakistan's history.Pakistan's state-building is essentially a value issue rather than a technical one,and the three sets of contradictions are all centered on the proposition of“what kind of country Pakistan should be”.