一种油画颜料层裂纹的修复技术分析

油画颜料层裂纹是一种常见的病害类型,严重的裂纹会影响作品的视觉效果。裂纹修复所采取的措施应以缓解病害,延续寿命为目标,避免不当修复对其文物价值的改变。本研究通过红外光谱和便携式X荧光能谱分析,初步确定了裂纹产生的原因与材料技法和机械作用力有关,长期的温湿度波动则是最终形成老化裂纹的重要因素。对两类常见的裂纹加固方法比较后得出结论,色蜡改变了原画的光泽度和肌理层,动物胶调碳酸钙更适宜作为裂纹的填补材料。观察修复后的油画保存状况,发现经过修复的颜料层仍存在继续劣化的风险,必须维持保存环境的相对稳定,方可延长修复周期。

Analysis of a restoration technique for pigment layer crack on oil paintings

Pigment layer crack is a common disease type found in oil paintings. Severe cracks can affect the visual effects. The aim of taking conservation measures for oil paintings is to alleviate deterioration, extend life expectancy and avoid devaluation of oil paintings due to improper restoration. Based on the analytical results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry, it was preliminarily determined that the cause of the crack generation was related to materials, techniques and mechanical forces. Long-term temperature and humidity fluctuation is an important factor for the formation of aging cracks. After a comparison of two common crack reinforcement methods, it was concluded that colored wax would change the gloss and texture of original paintings, and that animal glue-adjusted calcium carbonate is more suitable as a crack filling material. Observation of the preservation state of oil paintings after restoration shows that the restored pigment layer still has a risk of continued deterioration. Only by the maintenance of the relative stability of the preservation environment can the restoration cycle be extended.