慕陵拟建方城明楼史实探赜

道光帝的慕陵是清代最特殊的帝陵,先前曾因东陵宝华峪地宫浸水而废弃,后又于西陵龙泉峪重建,规制并“概从撙节”,自出机杼。本文探究道光帝对传统帝陵规制大加裁削的原由,指出咸丰帝即位后曾拟建慕陵明楼方城,并详加规划,最终却在各种因素掣肘下偃旗息鼓。

Unravelling the Mystery Surrounding the Proposal to Build a Walled Compound with a Minglou ('spirit tower') at Muling Mausoleum

The Muling Mausoleum of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1821-1850) is unique among Qing Dynasty mausoleums, because it was rebuilt in the Longquanyu Valley among the Qing Western Mausoleums (Xiling) after its underground crypt (digong) constructed in the Baohuayu Valley at the Qing Eastern Mausoleums (Dongling) was flooded. The new plan represented a departure from established Qing Dynasty practice in that it 'took economy measures as its guiding principles'. This article examines the reasons why the Daoguang Emperor dramatically cut back on the traditional guidelines for the construction of imperial mausoleums, pointing out that the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1851-1861), after his accession to the throne, proposed to construct a square walled compound enclosing a minglou ('spirit tower') at the mausoleum, for which detailed plans were drawn up but for various reasons the plans were eventually not realised.