西方主义与实证主义幻象:近三十年来中国人文地理学理论研究透视

基于对近三十年来中国人文地理学理论研究的文献解读,将中国人文地理学的理论演进脉络划分为三个阶段,即1980年代的理论引进、1990年代的理论消化和21世纪以来内生-外生并存阶段。将当前中国人文地理学理论研究的主要特征概括为两点,即"西方主义"和"实证主义",并认为其背后的思想根源是"实用主义"。通过文献梳理本文认为,实用主义思维是近三十年中国人文地理学理论成果缺少的主要原因。而要推动中国人文地理学的理论研究,必须同时重视两个方面,一是加强批判性研究,二是基于自身观察的本土概念总结。最后,本文结合当前研究现状,对推进中国人文地理学的理论研究提出若干建议。

REEXAMINING CHINESE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: PERSPECTIVE OF THEORETICAL STUDIES IN RECENT THIRTY YEARS

Chinese human geography is developing very fast in terms of its scope of research themes,influence on the policy making procedure and theoretical depth and diversity,however,few studies have been conducted as a retrospect or an outlook of theoretical issues in this discipline,which is classified as natural science rather than social science in Chinese academic system. This paper examines the history of and traps hidden in the development of the theoretical researches in Chinese modern human geography based on the summarization and review of literatures in recent three decades. It is argued in this paper that the former problem is mainly caused by the pragmatic orientation and the extensively utilitarian treatment of the theoretical studies in the development of this discipline and the latter roots from the negligence of the questions on the rationality,justification and context of theories. To be specific,there are two major trends of dogmatic traps in the theoretical developments of Chinese human geography,i.e. the Occidentalism as the mirror of Said's Orientalism in (theoretical) academic studies and inanity in empirical studies. More critical studies should be initiated on the one hand,a discourse system with more theoretical concepts based on solid observation and abstraction of native geographical phenomena and processes should be established on the other. Consistent with some existing advocates,some advice is proposed to promote the studies of norms,methods and inquiry fieldworks in current Chinese human geography.