新疆墨玉县农村劳动力转移调查及动力机制研究

近年来,南疆少数民族农村劳动力转移的规模不断扩大,外出务工收入成为当地农民收入的主要来源之一。本文在分析墨玉县农村劳动力转移现状的基础上根据2007年的抽样调查数据和2002年以来墨玉县经济社会发展的相关数据,采用多层次多因素灰色关联分析和Logistic回归分析,从宏观和微观两个层面上探讨劳动力转移的动力机制。宏观层面上,农村基本经济指标与劳动力转移的关系密切;微观层面影响农村劳动力转移的驱动力按强弱依次为家庭人口数、是否为低收入户、在读学生数、户均可耕地面积等。最后得出结论,新疆少数民族农村劳动力转移的主要驱动力来自农村内部,来自城镇的拉力作用不明显,而受自然条件、经济发展水平和民族观念等因素的影响,劳动力转移的摩擦力较大。

RESEARCH ON RURAL LABOR TRANSFER AND THE ANALYSIS ON ITS DRIVING MECHANISM IN MOYU COUNTRY OF XINJIANG

In recent years, the scale of transferring rural labor in ethnic minority communities is increasingly expanding in south Xinjiang. The salary from migrant workers has become a major source of income for local families. This paper researches the rural labor transfer in Xinjiang and analyzes its driving force. The authors conduct a survey in Moyu County located in south Xinjiang. The survey has two parts: (1)the micro-level survey, including peasants' personal information, family information, the migrant workers' income, job training, and the source of employment information; (2) the macro-level, including the scale of migrant workers, the organizational forms, local governmental administration, imbalance development of urban and rural economy. The survey shows that, firstly, the labor transfer in Moyu County is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the income of the families is rising. Secondly, the factor which influences the labor transfer most is seasons. Thirdly, the ratio of migrant workers employed in non-agriculture industries is not high because the migrant workers are lack of education and working skills. Fourthly, the locations they transfer to are mainly within Xinjiang because of kinship and geographical reasons. The multi-level and multi-factor gray correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis are applied in this paper to investigate the driving force of the rural labor transfer. The finding shows that the main driving force of the rural labor in Xinjiang ethnic minority communities lies in its internal cause, not the external cause which comes from urban areas. Also, the obstacles of labor transfer are from natural conditions, level of economic development and religions. Finally, the authors points out that further researches should be conducted on the labor transfer in ethnic minority communities, especially on the regional difference analysis, the characteristics of time-space change of labor transfer, the change of driving force and the general characteristics.