Copper Mines,Chromite Copper Ores and Slags of the Ishkinino Bronze Age Archaeological Microregion,The Southern Urals |
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| Authors: | VV Zaykov AM Yuminov VV Tkachev |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ilmen Reserve, Miass, 456317, Russia;2. Orsk Institute for the Humanities and Technology, Orenburg State University, Pr. Mira 15А, Orsk, 462403, Russia;1. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;2. Altai State University, Pr. Lenina 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia;1. Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Belgium, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;3. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;4. Gorno-Altaisk State University, Lenkina 1, Gorno-Altaisk, 649000, Russia;5. Free University of Berlin, Landsberger Allee 14, 10249 Berlin, Germany;1. Royal Museum of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium;2. KU Leuven, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Leuven, Belgium;3. Sorbonne University, Faculté des lettres, Paris, France;4. Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The study addresses copper mines structure and composition of copper ores and slags at the Ishkinino archaeological microregion, Orenburg Province. Both ores and slags contain chromites derived from the host ultrabasite rock. Chromites were subdivided into three categories in terms of Cr2O3 content: 45–50%, 50–55%, and 55–61%. The proportions are similar to those observed in chromites of the malachite ores of the Ishkinino cobalt-copper-pyrite deposit. The reguli found in the slag contain copper sul?des and iron phosphides with a high content of nickel. Our results evidence the exploitation of local copper mines in the Late Bronze Age. Finds of chromite ores and slag at the archaeological sites of the Southern Urals are listed, and goals for future research are outlined. |
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