清乾隆中后期罚扣大员养廉银与其行政处分之关系探析

自古为官皆有禄,禄的内涵随着时代的发展而有所变化.在清代,从雍正朝开始,外官不仅领有俸禄,还有丰厚的养廉银.迨及乾隆中后期,由于政治、经济、军事等多方因素的综合作用,在治政中频繁出现了罚扣督、抚、藩、臬等地方大员养廉银的情况,这形成了乾隆朝官僚政治的一大特点.从乾隆罚扣地方大员养廉银的缘由、目的及具体运作来分析,这项措施与地方大员所受的行政处分有密切关系.即在运作中,出现了以罚扣大员养廉银代替其所受行政处分的情况,而且这种代替经历了开始、发展、减弱、制度化等过程,最后以法的形式在乾隆后期确立下来.本文对此做一粗浅分析,试图揭示乾隆时期处分制度的再调节与多样化.

Analysis the relations with having fined, buckled high-ranking official nourish honesty silver and its disciplinary sanction in middle and later periods of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty

All had emolument for the officer from ancient times.The intension of emolument was changed to some extent with development of the times.Began from Yong Zheng's in Qing Dynasty,the local officer not merely possessed salary,there was generous nourishing honesty silver.Till middle and later periods of Qianlong,because the comprehensive function in many kinds of factors such as politics,economy,military affairs etc,frequently fined and buckled of the silver of nourishing honesty to high-ranking official in managing the policy,this had formed a great characteristic of bureaucracy in Qianlong Dynasty.Analyzing the cause,purpose and concrete operation of these policy by Qianlong,this measure had close relations with disciplinary sanction which the high-ranking official received.In operation,having fined,buckled nourish honesty silver replaced received disciplinary sanction,and this kind of replacement had gone through beginning,develops,weakens,institutionalized course,until forming of law.This text attempt to announce the regulation and diversification again of the system in Qianlong period.