从地方到全球全球价值链框架下集群的升级研究

从"地方"到"全球"是近5年来国际上对产业集群研究视角的新转向。本文首先回顾了学术界强调的"内生生长因素"集群发展观。并揭示现阶段"新区域主义"在产业集群发展出现新状况时,解释力的局限。由此,介绍了目前国际地理学界对"新区域主义"理论的置疑和再思考,同时引入国际上"重视外部资源、把地方经济发展纳入全球产业背景"的新集群发展观。并通过对全球价值链(ValueChains)分析框架的介绍,从理论上探讨国际产业集群研究新动态对中国集群研究的启示。

FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL: THE CLUSTER UPGRADING RESEARCH IN GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN

The research of industrial cluster has changed from local to global in last five years. This paper is beginning from the retrospect of the cluster dev eloping view of 'new regionalism', which emphasize the endogenetic factors of cl uster. Those endogenetic factors include collective learning, interdependencies, and socio-cultural institutional dynamics within regions. And regional competit ive advantage derives from those 'local resources ' that may promote trust, coll aboration and the accumulation of social capital across the full range of state, economic and civil society organizations. And then, this paper points out the s ympathetic critiques of the new regionalism literatures that seek to reveal the limitations of these bodies of work with respect to understanding regional devel opment in the contemporary era. Because the competition in economic globalizatio n is so drastic that the regional economy can't develop solely. Local industrial cluster need linkage of outside. So the paper introduces the last research head way of foreign scholars, and indicates the upgrading theory that the life of clu ster is not decided by the types, the regions and the time, which the cluster ha s held, but is decided by the upgrading ability of the cluster. We need to view the upgrading challenge in a wider perspective, capturing the central idea that it may involve changes in the nature and mix of activities, both within each lin k in the chain, and in the distribution of intra-chain activities. This is relat ed to the achievement of new product and process development. Therefore, it is p ossible to identify four trajectories, which firm can adopt in pursuing the obje ctive of upgrading, namely: process upgrading, product upgrading, functional upg rading, and chain upgrading. At last, this paper discusses the base frame of clu ster upgrading in global value chain, and analyses the sense of global value cha in in China.