“地方”与“国家”文化权力的博弈——明代以降云南腾冲地区汉景帝神祠考论

汉景帝神是滇西腾冲地区的重要神明,它象征着中原王朝入主西南以前云南本土政权的存在。自明代以来关于汉景帝神的身份便有多种说法,入清后官方与民间围绕着汉景帝神的身份更是展开了"论辩"。在论战中,地方士绅将汉景帝神与中原"正统政权"建立起联系,使之成为掌控地方资源及话语权的一种手段。另一方面,这种论战同样发生在滇西其他地区乃至整个西南,体现了在国家开发地方的过程中当地人运用自己的智慧与国家展开互动,更是区域历史观念与"国家"历史观念之间的博弈。与汉景帝神祠建立关联的娘孃庙则展现出在长时段的历史过程中地方对于"不同来源"的文化的接纳与"本地历史传统"的延续。

The Game of Cultural Power between Local Society and the State: Research on the God of Emperor Hanjing Temple of Tengchong,Yunnan since the Ming Dynasty

The God of Emperor Hanjing was one of the most important gods in Tengchong area,Yunnan Province.It symbolized the existence of the Yunnan indigenous regimes before the central regime officially began to govern Yunnan.Since the Ming Dynasty,the God of Emperor Hanjing had been identified multiple identities.In the Qing Dynasty,there was an argument between local people and local government.The local scholar-officials established the connection between the God of Emperor Hanjing and central regime,making it a means of controlling local resources and power.Besides,the argument also occurred in other parts of western Yunnan and even in the whole southwest of China.It showed that local people used their wisdom to interact with the state in the process of local society development.In addition,it was a game between regional historical conception and the state historical conception.The temple of Niangniang associated with the God of Emperor Hanjing showed the acceptance of the"different sources"culture and the continuation of the"local historical tradition"during the long history.