民俗资料学的建立与意义

民俗学是一门特别重视资料的学科,但民俗学者在传统上往往将民俗资料与文本类的民俗志和民俗文献互为等同。广义的民俗资料概念与此不同,意指一切能够为民俗学研究提供有效信息的文字与非文字资料,包括文本、图像、文物和影音资料等。民俗资料学借鉴史料学、文献学、文物与博物馆学、图书馆学、信息科学等的理论与方法,从民俗学的学科需求出发,着重研究民俗资料的搜集整理、分类属性、保存利用等问题。开拓这一学术研究方向的目的,在于坐实民俗学"资料之学"的名义,对内促进民俗学的学科发展,对外与历史学、文献学、人类学、计算机科学等形成对话,并为政府、社会团体与个人提供民俗资料方面的咨询服务。

The Establishment of Folkloristic Data Science and Its Significance

Folkloristics pays great attention to data collection.However,folklorists usually confine their research to textual data such as ethnographies and folklore documents.The more general concept of folkloristic data collection and analysis proposed here refers to non-textual research material as well,including images,material objects and audio-visual documents.Drawing on theories and methods of historical data science,philology,antiquarian studies,museology,library science and informatics,folkloristic data science focuses on collecting,ordering,categorizing,analyzing,safeguarding and applying various folkloristic data to meet the requirements of folkloristics.The exploration of this new research field aims at defining folkloristics as a"data science"so as to strengthen its interdisciplinary dialog with history,philology,anthropology,informatics and so on.On the basis of folkloristic data studies,information can also be provided for the purpose of consulting services for individuals,social groups and the government.