基于管理与环境视角的中国旅游效率研究

从管理和环境的角度对区域旅游产业效率进行分析，测算全要素旅游管理效率和旅游环境影响率，判断究竟是内生变量还是外生环境影响了全要素旅游效率的高低，有助于旅游资源利用方式的优化和产业管理效率的提高。本文利用四阶段DEA模型对剔除环境因素影响的我国区域旅游效率进行实证分析，研究结果表明，2005～2009年我国旅游效率水平总体偏低，旅游业发展管理都是无效的；现阶段旅游效率的提升主要是依赖外生环境的改善，管理效率的提升明显不足；区域间全要素旅游效率、全要素旅游管理效率和旅游环境影响率之间存在明显的区域差异，东部地区全要素旅游效率明显高于中部与西部地区。从提高旅游业管理水平和改善旅游业外部环境方面提出不同区域提高旅游业效率的发展对策：北京、天津、江苏等应重点改善区域旅游管理能力；河北、辽宁、新疆等应从管理和环境两个层面推进；山西、内蒙古和黑龙江等应重点优化外部环境。

A Research on China's Tourism Efficiency: An Managerial and Environmental Perspective

Analyzing tourism efficiency from managerial and environmental perspective and measuring and calculating TFTME and TEIR to judge whether it is endogenous variables or exogenous variables that influence the degree of TFTE is helpful to optimize the patterns of using tourism resources and enhance tourism management efficiency. Based on considering the impact of slack variable and exogenous environment variables, this paper applied the four-stage DEA model and Tobit model to measure TFTE, TFTME and TEIR of 31 provinces in China from 2005 - 2009. The findings show： traditional four-stage DEA method depreciates the total-factor tourism efficiency without controlling the impact of exogenous environment variables; industrial structure, education degree, foreign dependence and transportation development have significant effects on the TEIR; China＇ s regional tourism efficiency still remains at a low level; both the managerial inefficiency and environmental inefficiency contribute to the low efficiency; All of the TFTE, TFFME and TEIR in the three regions exhibit obvious regional imbalance, that＇s to say that the eastern area ranks first while the western area the last. In order to improve regional tourism efficiency, it suggested that Beijin, Tianjin, Jiangsu and some other regions should strengthen tourism management skills; Hebei, Liaoning, Xinjiang and some other provinces should concentrate on both the managerial improvement and environmental improvement, while Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang should pay attention to environmental improvement.