包买主制与近代乡村手工业的发展

包买主制在中国近代乡村手工业、尤其是若干手工业经济区中广泛存在。乡村手工业者丧失了先前的经营独立性,他们或直接、或间接,自觉与不自觉地在资本、原料、原料供应与产品销售等多方面陷于对包买主的依附之中。包买主也呈现出多种存在形态,如商人型包买主、商人兼工场主型包买主、工场主型包买主等。包买主制适应了包买主和依附经营者双方的经济状况,它对市场反映的灵敏度、对产品规格和质量的标准化要求等方面,是业主制下自主经营的家庭手工业无法比拟的,从而为近代乡村手工业经济区的兴起和发展创造了条件。

Putting-out System and Development of the Village Handicraft in Modern China

Putting-out system existed in the village handicraft extensively,especially in some areas of handicraft industry.The village handicraftsman lost their previous independence of the form of operation,they attached to the buyer-up directly or indirectly in many ways,such as capitals,materials and market.The buyer-up took on much existence form,for example,the merchant-buyer,the merchant and workshop-buyer,the workshop-buyer,etc.The putting-out system accorded with the economic state both the buyer and attachment-manager.Compared with the family's handicraft under the ownership,it was superiority in some ways,for instance,the sensitivity to the market,the standardization of the specifications and quality of products,it created favorable conditions for the rise and development of the economic areas of the village handicraft industry in Modern China.