汉晋时期河西走廊张掖地区的开发研究——以黑水国汉代墓葬为例

黑水国汉代墓葬出土的农具、动物骨骼、农作物遗存和人骨为人们了解河西走廊张掖地区汉晋时期生业经济和农业发展等问题提供了重要证据。通过动物骨骼、农作物遗存鉴定结果和人骨碳氮同位素检测结果，可以揭示汉晋时期黑水国人群的食物结构和生业模式特点。墓葬出土的农作物有粟、黍、稻，随葬动物有鸡、猪、绵羊、黄牛、狗、马，人骨骨胶原碳稳定同位素主要呈现C₃和C₄混合信号，部分呈现C₃信号和C₄信号，氮稳定同位素值相较牛羊等家养食草动物较高。综合研究说明汉晋时期河西走廊形成麦类、粟黍和豆类的混合农业模式，所以黑水国汉代先民摄取的粮食作物来源呈多样化。同时，河西走廊畜牧业发达，使当时人群摄取了大量的肉食资源，导致蛋白质摄入量较高。

Research on the development of Zhangye region in Hexi Corridor during the Han-Jin period:a case study of Heishui State Han tombs

The excavation of agricultural tools, animal bones, crop remains and human bones from the Heishui State Han tombs provides important evidence for understanding the socio-economic and agricultural development of Zhangye region in Hexi Corridor during the Han-Jin period. Based on the identification results of animal bones and crop remains, and carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis results of human bone collagen, the food structure and livelihood patterns of the population in Heishui State during the Han-Jin period can be revealed. The excavated crops include millet, sorghum and rice, and the accompanying burial animals consist of chickens, pigs, sheep, cattle, dogs and horses. The stable carbon isotopes of collagen from human bones mainly exhibit a mixed signal of C₃ and C₄ plants with some showing only a C₃ or C₄ signal. Additionally, stable nitrogen isotope values are relatively higher compared to those of domestic herbivores such as cattle and sheep. Based on comprehensive research, it is evident that during the Han-Jin period, a mixed agricultural mode of wheat, millet, and beans was developed in Hexi Corridor, indicating diverse food sources of the ancient people in Heishui State during the Han Dynasties. Additionally, animal husbandry thrived in Hexi Corridor at that time, providing abundant meat resources for consumption by the population and resulting in a higher intake of protein.