西沙群岛“石屿二号”沉船遗址出水青花瓷器的测年研究

“石屿二号”沉船遗址位于西沙群岛石屿东侧的珊瑚礁石上，是西沙群岛海域一处重要水下文化遗存。该遗址出水了青花、卵白釉、白釉、青灰釉、酱釉等多种瓷器，是探索古代海上丝绸之路和外销瓷贸易的关键窗口。虽然前人通过青花瓷器类型学分析确定了遗址的相对年代，但由于未发现船体痕迹无法进行碳十四测年，而热释光测年方法则为确定遗址的绝对年代提供了一种替代手段。为了探究该遗址出水青花瓷器的热释光性质及年代，本研究利用前剂量饱和指数法对16件青花瓷片进行了古剂量测试。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分析样品的放射性元素U、Th、⁴⁰K的含量。在剂量率的计算过程中综合考虑了样品的经纬度、埋藏深度、含水率以及放射性元素含量等参数，并首次使用综合矿物分析(TIMA)揭示了瓷胎中的石英粒径分布情况，以提高剂量率计算的准确度。热释光年代结果表明，这批青花瓷烧制于元代至明代早期，在释光有限的误差范围内符合传统鉴定方法得出的该遗址属于元代这一结论。这有助于揭示该历史时期相关器物的制作工艺、实际用途和可能的产地。此外，这也为理解该历史时期青花瓷器在...

Luminescence dating of blue and white porcelains from the Shiyu No.2 shipwreck site of the Xisha Islands

The Shiyu No.2 shipwreck site is located atop coral reefs on the east side of Shiyu in the Xisha Islands, and represents a significant underwater cultural relic within the waters of the Xisha Islands. The site has yielded a variety of porcelain wares including blue and white porcelain, egg-white glazed, white glazed, grayish-green glazed and brownish glazed ones, making it a pivotal window into the exploration of the ancient Maritime Silk Road and the export porcelain trade. Although previous researchers established the relative chronology of the site through typological analysis of blue and white porcelains, the absence of the ship’s structural remains precluded radiocarbon dating. Instead, the thermoluminescence dating method provides an alternative method to determine the absolute chronology of the site. To investigate the thermoluminescence properties and chronology of blue and white porcelains from the site, we conducted tests on 16 porcelain shards using the pre-dose saturation exponential method. The contents of radioactive elements U, Th and ⁴⁰K in the samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). During the dose rate calculation, key parameters including the sample’s latitude and longitude, burial depth, moisture content and contents of radioactive elements were considered. The TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA) was utilized for the first time to determine the distribution of quartz grain sizes in the porcelain body, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the dose rate estimation. The thermoluminescence dating results indicate that this batch of blue and white porcelains was fired in a period dating from the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty. Within the limited error range of thermoluminescence, this is consistent with the conclusion drawn from traditional appraisal methods that the site belongs to the Yuan Dynasty. This contributes to revealing the manufacturing techniques, practical uses and possible origins of these artifacts from that historical period. Furthermore, it provides important research clues for understanding the communication routes, trade scale and cultural impact of the blue and white porcelain in maritime trade during this era.