北京昌平沙河镇出土蜻蜓眼玻璃珠的科学分析与研究

为探讨北京昌平沙河镇墓葬出土的三枚蜻蜓眼玻璃珠的质地和来源，利用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱分析（LRS）、便携式能量色散X射线荧光分析（PXRF）三种无损分析方法，对玻璃珠基体和眼珠分别进行了结构和化学组成的无损伤测试。结果表明，这三枚蜻蜓眼珠的基质为玻璃态物质，其化学成分表明该玻璃属于钠钙硅酸盐（Na₂OCaOSiO₂）系统；Cu和Co是主要的着色元素。考虑到三枚珠子采用的钴料成分为高铁低锰的进口钴料，同时通过与国内外相似珠子的对比，推测这三枚蜻蜓眼玻璃珠是外国进口物的可能性较高。蜻蜓眼玻璃珠所在墓葬群虽为清代，但根据初步的分析研究可推断，墓主通过收藏或其他途径获得并将其作为随葬品。

Analysis of composite glass beads (eyebeads) unearthed from the Shahe Tomb in the Changping District of Beijing

In order to determine the mineral composition and source of composite glass beads(eye-beads) unearthed at the Shahe Town Tomb in the Changping District of Beijing,X-ray diffraction(XRD),laser Raman Spectroscopy(LRS) and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis(P-XRF)were used to nondestructively measure the structural and chemical compositions of the matrix and of the body of the glass balls.The results indicate that the matrix of the dragonfly glass balla belongs to the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 type of glass,and Cu and Co are the major coloring elements.Based on the fact that the cobalt component has a relatively high percentage of iron but a low percentage of manganese,and that comparison with similar domestic and foreign beads,we conclude that these three beads are likely imported.The tomb was built during the Qing Dynasty.The owner of the tomb may have acquired these beads though collection or other sources and used them as funerary objects.