壁画菌害主要种群之分子生物学技术检测

微生物是影响古代壁画安全保存与展示的一个重要因素,其检测是壁画保护研究的重要环节。分子生物学技术通过直接分析微生物遗传物质确定种属,可以避免传统检测技术必需的微生物培养过程,不仅快速、全面,更重要的是能够确定主要致病菌。本研究用分子生物学技术检测中国北方两个5世纪壁画墓,确定导致壁画菌害的主要种群为假诺卡氏菌(Pseudonocardia sp.),为微生物病害治理和预防提供了基本依据。

Application of molecular biological techniques in identifying pathogenic microbes on mural paintings

Microorganisms are a major concern in preservation and exhibition of ancient mural paintings. Their identification is a major step leading toward better conservation. Compared with traditional methods, molecular biologybased techniques directly analyze the genetic materials of the microorganisms, avoiding the culturing process and providing a fast and comprehensive method for the identification of major pathogens. Molecular biological techniques were used to detect microorganisms in two tombs built in the 5th century in North China. Pseudonocardia species as the main pathogens was identified. Results provided important information for planning the treatment and prevention of mural damage caused by microorganisms.